Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Leptomeningeal Metastasis of Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM), a special type of metastasis in advanced lung cancer, is known for its severe clinical symptoms, rapid progression and poor prognosis. LM used to be featured with low clinical diagnosis rate, limited treatment options, poor treatment efficacy, and very short survival if treatment not given. Though cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology remains to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of LM, the positive rate of the first CSF cytology even in patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and positive imaging generally does not exceed 50%, leading to a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with LM. With the progress of targeted therapy for driver gene-positive lung cancer and immunotherapy for driver gene-negative lung cancer, the overall survival of patients with lung cancer has been prolonged, meanwhile incidence of LM has been increasing year by year. Current clinical research in this field center around how to improve diagnosis rate and to find effective treatment approaches. This paper reviews advances in diagnosis and treatment of LM of lung cancer..
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Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion in anterior circulation: cardioembolism versus large artery atherosclerosis / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of acute ischemic stroke with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion caused by cardioembolism (CE) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and the efficacy of endovascular treatment.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion in anterior circulation and received endovascular treatment in the Stroke Center of the 971 st Hospital of the PLA Navy from April 2014 to April 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The etiological classification of stroke was CE or LAA. According to the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 d after onset, the patients were divided into good outcome group (0-2) and poor outcome group (>2). The demographic and clinical data between the groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of clinical outcome. Results:A total of 106 patients were enrollded. Their age was 61.39±13.73 years and 70 (66.0%) were males. Seventy-four patients (69.8%) were in the CE group and 32 (30.2%) were in the LAA group. Sixty-six patients (62.3%) had good outcomes. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, time from onset to femoral artery puncture, time from puncture to vascular recanalization, and the number of retrieval attempts between the CE group and the LAA group (all P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the incidences of poor outcome, hemorrhagic transformation, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, baseline NIHSS score, time from onset to femoral artery puncture, and blood perfusion grade after treatment between the good outcome group and the poor outcome group (all P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher systolic blood pressure (odds ratio [ OR] 1.046, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.014-1.078; P=0.004), higher baseline NIHSS score ( OR 1.117, 95% CI 1.037-1.203; P=0.003), longer time from onset to femoral artery puncture ( OR 1.008, 95% CI 1.001-1.015; P=0.019) and poor blood perfusion after treatment ( OR 8.042, 95% CI 1.532-42.215; P=0.014) were significantly and independently associated with the poor outcomes. Conclusions:Compared with LAA, CE do not increase the risks of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. The safety and efficacy of the two are similar.

Acquired Drug Resistance Mechanism of Osimertinib in the Targeted Therapy of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

While treating cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) still faces inevitable drug resistance. Investigations into the mechanisms which foster resistance to EGFR-TKI has led to the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug targets, and in turn has enabled the development of third-generation TKIs and proposals for rational therapeutic combinations. The threonine-to-methionine substitution mutation at position 790 (T790M) is clinically validated to engender refractoriness to first- and second-generation TKI, and is a standard-of-care predictive biomarker used in therapeutic stratification. For patients who are T790M-negative, cytotoxic chemotherapy or protracted EGFR-TKI treatment are acceptable treatment standards after disease progression, although combinations of targeted therapies and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy may offer promising alternatives in the future. Among T790M-positive patients, the third-generation EGFR-TKI, osimertinib, has shown superiority over both platinum-doublet chemotherapy and first-generation EGFR-TKI in randomized clinical trials. This article appraises the key literature on the contemporary management of non-small cell lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, and envisions future directions in translational and clinical research.

Interleukin 10 promotes growth and invasion of glioma cells by up-regulating KPNA 2 in vitro

Objective: Glioma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with high incidence, recurrence, and mortality. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with dual function in many types of tumors. Although IL-10 is overexpressed and promotes tumor progression in human primary brain tumor, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Materials and Methods: Glioma cells were treated with different dosages of IL-10. The cell growth was detected by CCK-8, and the invasion was measured by Transwell. The relative expression of messenger RNAs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: We found that IL-10 treatment significantly enhanced glioma cell growth and invasion. Moreover, KPNA2 was significantly upregulated after treatment with IL-10. By performing knockdown experiments, we found that the glioma cell growth and invasion were significantly declined. Conclusions: The results indicated that knockdown of KPNA2 significantly inhibited the growth and invasion of glioma cells. Moreover, IL-10 promotes glioma progression via upregulation of KPNA2. This study will be of important significance and provides a potential target for treatment of patients with glioma

Role of the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis, as well as the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 62 children who were diagnosed with tuberculosis from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as the case group, and 64 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Peripheral venous blood samples with a volume of 2 mL were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway (receptors Notch1-4, ligands Jagged1/2 and DLL1/3/4, and downstream target genes Hes1 and Hey1) in leukocytes.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy control group, the case group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, and DLL4 in leukocytes (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are significant increases in the mRNA expression of Notch1/2 and DLL4 in children with tuberculosis, while there are no significant changes in the expression of downstream target genes, suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway, which is activated by the interaction between Notch1/2 and DLL4 after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, may play a role in childhood tuberculosis by acting on other target genes, and further studies are needed for clarification.

Relationships between female infertility and female genital infections and pelvic inflammatory disease: a population-based nested controlled study

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to examine the associations of female genital infections and certain comorbidities with infertility. METHODS: The Taiwan National Health Research Database was searched for women with a new diagnosis of infertility between 2000 and 2013. Women without a diagnosis of infertility served as a control group and were matched with the infertility cases by age (±3 years) and index year. They were divided into two groups: ≤40 years old and >40 years old. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were employed to identify the risk factors associated with infertility. RESULTS: A total of 18,276 women with a new diagnosis of infertility and 73,104 matched controls (mean cohort age, 31±6.2 years) were included. According to the adjusted multivariate analysis, pelvic inflammatory disease involving the ovary, fallopian tube, pelvic cellular tissue, peritoneum (odds ratio (OR)=4.823), and uterus (OR=3.050) and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar inflammation (OR=7.788) were associated with an increased risk of infertility in women aged ≤40 years. In women aged >40 years, pelvic inflammatory disease of the ovary, fallopian tube, pelvic cellular tissue, and peritoneum (OR=6.028) and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar inflammation (OR=6.648) were associated with infertility. Obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, dysthyroidism, abortion (spontaneous or induced), bacterial vaginosis, endometritis, and tubo-ovarian abscess were associated with an increased risk of infertility according to the univariate analysis but not the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Female genital tract infections, but not the comorbidities studied here, are associated with an increased risk of infertility.

Superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm:curative effect analysis / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the instant clinical efficacy of intra-arterial infusion of fasudil combined with routine anti-vasospasm for symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCVS). Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured aneurysm, who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from May 2010 and February 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions included Fisher gradeⅡ(n=2), gradeⅢ (n=16) and gradeⅣ (n=3). Endovascular embolization of the aneurysm was carried out within 48 hours after the confirmation of the diagnosis with total cerebral DSA;no bleeding occurred during the operation and routine anti-vasospasm therapy was given. Within 4-9 days after the onset of the disease, all 21 patients presented SCVS. Half dose systemic heparinization, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil (30 mg fasudil+250 ml saline, lasting for 30 min) were adopted. Reexamination of angiography performed at 15 min after fasudil infusion was employed, and the results were evaluated with NIHSS score by comparing the preoperative findings. Results Imaging examination performed after the treatment showed that significant improvement was obtained in 15 patients and no obvious changes in 6 patients. Clinical symptoms were remarkably improved in 11 patients, partially improved in 4 patients and remained unchanged in 6 patients. The mean NIHSS score was improved from preoperative 28.6 to postoperative 21.2. Conclusion For the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, superselective intra-arterial infusion of fasudil is effective and safe, and it has good clinical application value.

Expressions of p75NTR, Bax and Bcl-2 and cell apoptosis in rat cortical neurons following mechanical injury / 中华创伤杂志

ObjectiveTo study the expressions of p75NTR,Bax and Bcl-2 and cell apoptosis in rat cortical neurons following mechanical injury and discuss the mechanism and mutual action way during the apoptosis of rat neurons after mechanical injury.Methods Cortical neuron cultures were prepared from the brain tissues of day 17 rat embryos and were exposed to mechanical injury seven days after seeding.After the traumatic neuron injury models were created,the apoptosis ratio of neurons was tested at several time points.The models were divided into the minor,moderate,severe injury groups according to the injury severity and the control group.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry method and that of p75NTR by Western-blot.Combining with cellular apoptosis ratio in each group shown after FCM analysis,the correlation between the expressions of p75NTR,Bax and Bcl-2 and the apoptosis in rat neurons after mechanical injury could be analyzed.ResultsThe apoptosis ratio of the neurons in all the injury groups was obviously higher than that in the control group,with significantly higher apoptosis ratio of the neurons in the severe injury group than the minor and moderate injury groups (P ＜0.05).P75NTR,Bax and Bcl-2 were all expressed in all the injury groups,with statistical differences between groups.The expression of Bax in the severe injury group was significantly higher than that in the minor and moderate injury groups(P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions p75NTR expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio are closely correlated with neuron apoptosis.The early expression of p75NTR may be one of mechnisms for neuronal apoptosis after neuron injury,when Bax and Bcl-2 may be involved.

Numeric simulation of functional remodeling of the anterior alveolar bone / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the remodeling of the anterior alveolar bone with parodontium under physiology loading using finite element method (FEM) and theory of bone remodeling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A FEM model of the maxillary central incisor with parodontium was established, and the change of bone density during the remodeling of alveolar bone was investigated under physiology loading (60 - 150 N) based on the theory of bone remodeling about strain energy density (SED). The finite element analysis software Abaqus user material subroutine (UMAT) were used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the increase of physiology loading, the pressure stress on the buccal cervical margin increased gradually while the density was decreased gradually. The cortical bone was lower than its initial density 1.74 g/cm(3), which was 1.74 - 1.63 g/cm(3). The density of cancellous bone was 0.90 - 0.77 g/cm(3), which was lower than its intial density 0.90 g/cm(3). The lingual cervical margin was under tensile stress which also increased with loading, the density had no significant change. When the achieve to 120 N, the density of cortical bone was 1.74 - 1.73 g/cm(3). No significant change was found in the cancellous bone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The simulation of the perodontium remodeling is achieved and proved to be effective by the relevant research based on the method of the study. And the result will be helpful to form the basis of analysis bone remodeling process and predict the results in the clinical work.</p>

The study of cyclic fatigue and lifetime for all-ceramic crown after cementation / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study mechanical and cyclic fatigue behavior of IPS Empress2 under cyclic loading, and to establish guidelines for the use and design of all-ceramic crowns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 3-D finit element method model of tooth and crown were established. The strength and lifetime of all-ceramic crowns under cyclic loading in centric occlusion were investigated using computational techniques of the Abaqus and MSC Fatigue software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the fatigue and fracture of all-ceramic crown occurred within the veneering material at cervical marginal of the crown. The number of loading cycles before failure occurred varied within specified limits 2,506,109-6,950,243. The lifetime of the crown decreased significantly as loading increased and decreased gradually as loading time increased as well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mechanical and fatigue behavior of ceramic materials and restorations need to be improved before clinical use in order to guarantee clinical long-term success of all-ceramic crown. properly in order to increase the longevity of all-ceramic crowns.</p>

Comparison of expressions of nitricoxide synthase between mandibular distraction osteogenesis and split osteotomy osteogenesis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the expression of nitricoxide synthase (NOS) in the osteogenesis tissues of gradual distraction and split osteotomy, and investigate molecular biology mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into gradual distraction group, high split osteotomy group and control group. A batch of 4 animals in each of the first 2 groups were sacrificed respectively on the 1st day, 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after operation. The local changes of the tissues between bony segments were observed by inspections, radiography, HE staining, and immunological evaluation of NOS. The areas occupied by positive cells with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were compared statistically within and among different batches.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunologically, little expression of iNOS and eNOS could be detected in normal bone. In gradual distraction group, the iNOS stains were at peak values at 1st day, eNOS at 1st week postoperatively. In split osteotomy group, the iNOS stain were at peak values at 2nd week, eNOS at 1st week postoperatively. The nNOS was not detected in both of the groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Routine procedure of distraction produced better osteogenesis, whereas split osteotomy with free bony segments would lead to abnormal osteogenesis.</p>

Expression of survivin in invasive pituitary adenoma

To investigate the relationship between survivin expression and invasiveness of pituitary adenoma. A total of 66 patients, on whom trans sphenoidal surgery had been performed between July 2006 and March 2008, were enrolled in our study at the Department of Neurosurgery in Shandong Provincial Hospital and Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong, P. R. China. All patients were divided into the invasion group [n=39], and the non-invasion group [n=27] by assessment of preoperative MRI and intraoperative inspection. Survivin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of survivin expression between the 2 sample groups was accomplished using the chi-square test. Survivin was expressed in 46 [69.7%] of the investigated pituitary adenomas. For invasive pituitary adenoma, survivin staining was positive in 35 [89.7%], only 11 [40.7%] specimens were positive in noninvasive tumors. The chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in survivin expression between invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenoma [x[2]=14.309, p=0.0002]. Survivin was highly associated with invasive pituitary adenoma, it is likely to serve as a useful tool for confirmation of invasive pituitary adenoma and the gene could be an effective target for pituitary adenoma gene therapy

Experimental study on effect of Qidan granule in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qidan granule on blemycinA5-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 70 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, the model group, Qidan group and hydrocortisone group and observed for 28 days and 42 days, respectively. Rat pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intrabronchial injection of blemycinA5. Treatment started from day 14 to day 42 with Qidan granule and Hydrocortisone for 14 days (day 28 group) and for 28 days (day 42 group), respectively. The lung pathological grades were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and expressions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta(1)) protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) protein were tested by the immunohistochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Lung pathobiology fibrosis were alleviated was alleviated significantly in Qidan granule group compared with those in model group and hydrocortisone group (p < 0.01). (2) In Qidan group and hydrocortisone group, the expression of TGF-beta(1) protein was 1.71 +/- 0.17 and 1, 78 +/- 0.17 in day 28 group and day 42 group, respectively. The expression of TNF-aprotein was 2.16 +/- 0.40 and 1.98 +/- 0.33 in day 28 group and day 42 group, respectively. The expression of TGF-beta(1) and TNF-alpha protein was significantly difference from those in the model group and the hydrocortisone group (p < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qidan granule ameliorate the pulmonary fibrosis by decreasing expressions of TGF-beta(1) and TNF-alpha proteins in lung tissue.</p>

The anti-fibrotic effects of Qidan granule in experimental silicosis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of Qidan granule in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: normal group, model group, Qidan group, Tetrandrine group. All rats except normal group were treated with silicon dioxide (50 mg/rat) by intratracheal instillation to induce silicosis. Qidan group and Tetrandrine group were treated with Qidan granule (3125 mg/kg) or treated with Tetrandrine (22 mg/kg) respectively. All the rats were sacrificed after 5 months. Calculate Lung/body coefficient by weighting the lung wet weight and the body weight of rats. Content of Hydroxyproline was measured by alkaline hydrolysis. The gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 was examined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paraffin embedded lung sections with HE staining, VG staining and Gomori staining were observed under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Qidan group and Tetrandrine group, Lung/body coefficient and content of Hydroxyproline and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 were lower as compared with model group (P < 0.05). Model group mainly showed III approximately IV grade silicotic nodule, which contained thick collagen and sparse reticulum fibe; Qidan group and Tetrandrine group appeared with II grade silicotic nodule, which contained tiny collagen and intensive reticulum fibe. Tetrandrine group showed injury of kidney, and others were normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qidan granule extract should prevent and from inhibit the remarkably silicotic fibrosis in rats.</p>

Effect of Chinese herbal drugs and tetrandrine on TGF-beta1 signaling pathway / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the molecule mechanism of the anti-fibrotic effects of Chinese herbal drugs (Qidan granules) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The male rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: normal group, model group, Qidan group, tetrandrine group. Every group had 10 rats. Normal group were treated with physiologic saline while others were treated with silicon dioxide (50 mg/rat) by intratracheal instillation to induce silicosis. On 30th day Qidan group and Tetrandrine group were treated with Qidan granules (3125 mg/kg) or treated with tetrandrine (22 mg/kg) respectively. All the rats were scarified after 5 months. Lung/body coefficient was measured. Content of hydroxyproline was measured by alkaline hydrolysis. The gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was examined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1, transcription factor Smad 3 and Smad 7 in lung were analyzed by using immunohistochemical technique (SP) and the image analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Model group mainly had Grade III approximately IV silicotic nodule while Qidan group and tetrandrine group had Grade II silicotic nodule. In Qidan group and tetrandrine group, lung/body coefficient and content of hydroxyproline and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and Smad3 in lung and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were lower than those in model group (P < 0.05). Expression of Smad 7 in lung was higher than model group (P < 0.05). Injury of kidney occurred in tetrandrine group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qidan granules and tetrandrine could inhibit expression of both Smad 7 and transforming growth factor-beta1 and promote expression of Smad 3. Qidan granules and tetrandrine could inhibit remarkably silicotic fibrosis in rats. Qidan granules are safer than tetrandrine.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of weakened roots restored with different cements in combination with titanium alloy posts / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is very difficult and relatively unpredictable to preserve and restore severely weakened pulpless roots. To provide much needed benefit basis for clinical practice, this study was carried out to analyze the stress distribution in weakened roots restored with different cements in combination with titanium alloy posts. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed in the study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A pseudo three-dimensional model of a maxillary central incisor with flared root canal, theoretically restored with titanium alloy posts in combination with different cements, was established. The analysis was performed by use of ANSYS software. The tooth was assumed to be isotropic, homogenous and elastic. A load of 100 N at an angle of 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis was applied at the palatal surface of the crown. The distributions of stresses in weakened roots filled with cements of different elastic modulus were analyzed by the three-dimensional FEA model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Several stress trends were observed when the stress cloud atlas obtained in the study was analyzed. With the increase of the elastic modulus of cements from 1.8 GPa to 22.4 GPa, the stress values in dentin decreased from 39.58 MPa to 31.43 MPa and from 24.51 MPa to 20.76 MPa (respectively, for maximum principle stress values and Von Mises stress values). When Panavia F and zinc phosphate cement were used, the stress peak values in dentin were very small with no significant difference observed, and the Von Mises stress values were 20.87 MPa and 20.76 MPa respectively. On the other hand, maximum principle stress value and Von Mises stress value in cement layer increased with the increase of the elastic modulus of cements.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The result of this study demonstrated that elastic modulus was indeed one of the important parameters to evaluate property of the cements. Our three-dimensional FEA model study also found that the cement with elastic modulus similar to that of dentin could reinforce weakened root and reduce the stress in dentin. Thus, it may be a better choice for the restoration of weakened roots in clinical practice.</p>

The study of viscoelastic residual stresses of ceramic-metal bond / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the residual stresses of ceramic-metal bond at viscoelastic and elastic phases during cooling of porcelain-fused-to-metal in order to precisely calculate the ceramic-metal bond strength and improve the restorations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The finite element model was set up according the crack initiation test (three-point flexure bond test) based on ISO Standard, elements of viscoelastic and themal-displacement were used to part the model. The result at viscoelastic phases was used as initiation condition of elastic phases to add up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The compressive stress was caused by metal during cooling occurred in the ceramic. The shear stress induced by loading was offset by thermal shear stress. Load tensile stress and the thermal compressive stress vertical of interface concentrated at the end of the bond interface, but the tensile was greatly higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The residual stress is very important to metal-ceramic restorations, and the viscoelastic behavior of porcelain greatly influences it. If the metal and ceramic are compatible,the components stresses of the residual stresses may benefit to ceramic-metal bond, and can be taken as a part of bond stresses.</p>

Angiographic observation of the effect to prevent and reverse cerebral vasospasm by lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage following subarachnoid hemorrhage / 介入放射学杂志

Objective In this study,the authers investigate the effect of lumbar arachnoid space continuous drainage to prevent and reverse cerebral vasospasm (CVS) angiographically following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods SAH model was achieved by cisternal magna twice injections of autolugous blood.Thirty adult mongrel dogs presented with SAH were randomly divided into five groups: early-drainage group,later-drainage group,early-puncture group,later-puncture group and control group. The lumbar puncture two groups started to puncture and exclude blood cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) 2 hours later following the second injection and on day 5 respectively,while the drainage two groups started to drain at the same time.The degrees of CVS were analyzed through cerebral angiography(%reduction of basilar artery diamiter,%RBAD). Results ①Compared with early puncture group and control group,early drainage group had less cases of CVS and the degrees of CVS were more slight which relieved within shorter period than other two groups.②Compared with later puncture group and control group,later drainage group had less cases of CVS and the period of CVS was shorter.③Compared with later drainage group,there were less cases of CVS and the degrees of CVS were more slight in early drainage group.Conclusions Lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage may prevent and reverse the CVS following SAH.Early lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage should be presented with better consequence.

Effect and mechanism of lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage on cerebral vasospasm prevention and treatment following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage on cerebral vasospasm(CVS) prevention and treatment following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), and further explore the mechanism of CVS prevention and treatment.Methods An experimental SAH was achieved by twice injections of fresh autologous arterial blood into cisterna magna of each dog. The dogs were randomly divided into drainage group and control group and it was just after the second injection of fresh blood that the drainage group began to drain blood cerebral spinal fluid(CSF).The contents of red blood cell(RBC), endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxygen(NO) in CSF were measured respectively. The degree of CVS was analyzed through angiography (%reduction of basilar artery diamiter,%RBAD). The angiographic results of CVS were analyzed and the changes of RBC, ET-1 and NO in CSF at different stages were compared between two groups. Results The drainage group had fewer cases of CVS and the severity of CVS was more slight compared with control group.Drainage group had a significantly higher cleaning rate of RBC.In drainage group,the content of ET-1 was lower and the content of NO was higher significantly than control group.Conclusions Through cleaning the vasogenic substances in subarachnoid space,lumbar subarachnoid space continuous drainage can change the levels of ET-1 and NO in CSF and may prevent and reverse CVS following.

Relationship between endothelin-1 and nitron oxygen changes in cerebral spinal fluid and cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between endothelin-1(ET-1)and NO in cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) and cerebral vasospasm(CVS) following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods An experimental CVS model was achieved by twice injections of fresh autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna of each animal. The contents of ET-1 and NO in CSF were measured by radioimmunological analysis and activated cadmium reduction method respectively.The degrees of CVS were analyzed through cerebral angiography(%reduction of basilar artery diamiter,%RBAD). Results The contents of ET-1 in CSF increased significantly than that before injection after SAH(P